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Focal Language of Home Beer Brewers
By: Brian Ball
Every
culture relies on communication through language to share and expand upon
ideas, thus facilitating interaction with a constantly growing variety of
concepts, beliefs and opinions. In reading Chapter 4 of Culture, Second Edition, I learned that throughout the world there
are groups of individuals who have formed their own cultures and have thus found
the need to utilize unique words and phrases to better communicate specialized
knowledge important to members of their groups, which is commonly known in anthropology
as focal language or a focal vocabulary. As defined in our text, focal
vocabulary is “A set of words and distinctions that are particularly important
to certain groups (those with particular foci of experience or activity), such
as types of snow to Eskimos or skiers” (Kottak, Gezon 66). Recently, I have begun
to study and practice the hobby of home brewing and much like a non-skiing American
spending time immersed in an Inuit community, I have found myself learning an
entirely new lexicon to describe the actions and information used in the
practice of brewing beer. Amongst brewers, I have learned that focal language
is extremely important in effectively communicating the actions one takes in
the brewing process and in better understanding how to improve the craft through
which one brews. In using this brewing lexicon outside of the presence of
brewers, I have also seen how quickly non-group members are identified and
confused, and how the focal language of brewing reinforces group membership and
non-membership alike.
To better understand the focal
language of brewers, I have compiled a list of several terms which are either
completely unique to brewing or have a distinctive meaning within the realm of
brewing that is different from the word’s common definition, such as “adjunct”,
“barrel” and “cask”. These “ABC’s of brewing” are best defined as, “Fermentable
material used as a substitute for traditional grains, to make beer lighter-bodied
or cheaper” (BeerAdvocate),
“A unit of measurement used by brewers in some countries … In the United
States, a barrel holds 31.5 US gallons (1 US gallon = 3.8 liters), or 1.17
hectoliters” (BeerAdvocate) and “A
closed, barrel-shaped container for beer” (BeerAdvocate),
respectively. Moving through the list alphabetically, brewers will often utilize
terms such as “decoction”, “ester” and “grist”, which can be defined
correspondingly as an “Exhaustive system of mashing in which portions of the
wort are removed, heated, then returned to the original vessel” (BeerAdvocate), “Volatile flavor compound
naturally created in fermentation. Often fruity, flowery or spicy” (BeerAdvocate) and “milled grains, or the
combination of milled grains to be used in a particular brew. Derives from the
verb to grind. Also sometimes applied to hops.” (BeerAdvocate). Some other favorites of mine are “IBU”, which is an
acronym for “International Bitterness units. A system of indicating the hop
bitterness in finished beer” (BeerAdvocate),
“mash tun”, which is “A tank where grist is soaked in water and heated in order
to convert the starch to sugar and extract the sugars and other solubles from
the grist” (BeerAdvocate), and
“pitch”, which is simply defined as, “To add yeast to wort” (BeerAdvocate). One term used in several
of the prior definitions is “wort”, which is defined as, “The solution of grain
sugars strained from the mash tun. At this stage, regarded as "sweet
wort", later as brewed wort, fermenting wort and finally beer” (BeerAdvocate). As I imagine any
non-member of this group would be able to see, these terms are somewhat
technical and do not have much of a place outside of the brewer’s vocabulary.
When
looking closer at the use of focal language by brewers, it becomes clear that
it is very important to the group. Without the use of exclusive terms related
to brewing, I can imagine that brewers would be spending a vastly larger amount
of time explaining which step in the process they are referring to than they do
when using these terms. As a novice brewer myself, I can already see a vast
difference in the time it takes for me to comprehend and explain ideas to other
group members now as compared to a year ago when I had just begun. It is the
difference between a concise, well thought out statement and one that requires
paragraphs of explanation. I believe that the purpose of utilizing focal
language amongst brewers is a logical progression in moving from a time where
those who were brewing beer had no precise terms to describe specifics of the
process to a time of being able to quickly relate to complex ideas and nuances.
In my opinion, the use of focal language affords brewers more control over the
entire process, allows them to easily acquire and share knowledge between one
another and provides the means to effectively troubleshoot any difficulties they
may encounter along the way. The lexicon of brewers is more than simply a
collection of words with meanings attached to them; it is a language that
facilitates intellectual advancement and stimulates artistic endeavors beyond
the fathomable.
Prior
to brewing my first batch of beer, I had heard many of these brewer-specific
terms from my father who is also a home brewer, but I had never taken the time
to fully understand their meanings or individual relationships to the process.
Being confused by these terms when speaking with other brewers was natural, but
this confusion was a feeling that compelled me to ask more questions in order
to better understand the process. Something that I believe is unique to brewers
in general is that they are seemingly always open to taking the time to explain
the process of brewing to those who are uneducated on the topic. I believe that
brewers are a fine example of a group that will easily confuse non-group
members with their focal language, but at the same time will offer all that
they can in terms of information to encourage and welcome new members to the
group. At first this came to me as a surprise, but now I can see that it is simply
part of what it means to be associated with the group: sharing knowledge freely
amongst one another for nothing more than the love of beer.
I believe that the information and
examples contained above have provided me with an approachable way to better
understand what roles language and communication play in culture. I also
believe that any of my peers performing this assignment would also likely take
away similar learning lessons, such as being able to better identify cultural
groups through the terms used in their language and appreciating the importance
and purpose of utilizing focal language. Knowing now that focal language plays
an integral role in both separating and bringing together members and
non-members of different cultures, I can clearly see that through its use,
groups are able to form strong identities for themselves and their group
members as well as differentiate their group from others. Focal language to me
now has a meaning beyond the textbook definition; one
that I see as an essential component in establishing culture.
Works Cited
“Beer
& Brewing Terminology.” BeerAdvocate.
N.p, n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
Boston,
Christine. "Linguistics Assignment." TMCC WebCollege. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 13 July 2014.
Gezon, Lisa L., and Conrad Phillip. Kottak.
Culture. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2014. Kindle.
Jay Cutler, Bodybuilder |
Focal Language of Bodybuilders
By: James Puccinelli
Bodybuilding
has a culture similar to many different Northern American born cultures with a
unique focal language, a set of words and distinctions that are particularly
important to certain groups (those with particular foci of experience or
activity) (Gezon and Kottak), that
can be intimidating if not understood properly. A non-gym goer may expect to
hear more anatomical terms involving various muscle groups rather than a focal
language. They would expect muscular guys and fit girls to be talking about
biceps and abs, which is not the case really. With the adaptations of the
Internet, bodybuilding has become somewhat of a nerd like obsession for some.
Every year the Mr. Olympia (Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness
Performance Weekend) competition is held in Las Vegas, which
serves as the largest event in the bodybuilding world. Attached is the Olympia
expo that serves as the largest bodybuilding convention in the world. Together
they are known as the Olympia Weekend. The competition has various classes and
categories judging competitors on a variety of different aspects on their
physique. A similar competition/expo is the Arnold (Arnold Sports
Festival),
created by Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Bodybuilding
is one of the many cultures created by the fitness industry. Other fitness
cultures might include but not limited to crossfit, powerlifting, tough mudder,
go ruck, and bootcampers to name a few. Each culture has its own unique set of
principles, but some terms are interchanged between one another. The
terminology that has developed in the world of bodybuilding over the years may
come off as a series of unfamiliar words and lingo that leaves someone baffled
as to what the two big guys at the gym may be talking about. Here is a list of
ten of the top terms researched from bodybuilding.com (Lapray, 2013) with their definitions:
·
Broscience:
Anecdotal evidence of something to aid in
making an exercise more successful in the gym that is deemed as science.
Basically when someone who has no scientific background but a lot of gym experience
says the way they train is “science.” A broscientist thinks his analogies of
his workouts and how he expresses them to his peers is considered science when
there is generally not any scientific research to back the claims being made. An
example, “Hey bro! You need to get that protein in your diet bro! It’s just
science bro.”
·
Diet:
To most this is a term for starving yourself of food as a means to lose weight.
In bodybuilding lore it is the macronutrient amounts a bodybuilder eats on a
daily basis in order to achieve that huge ripped up physique. Usually these are
astronomical amounts of protein and based foods and are usually double what any
nutritionist would recommend.
·
Set:
A series of repetitive motions done to exercise a certain muscle group. An example,
“I just did four sets of dumbbell curls.”
·
Failure:
Not to imply quitting or not succeeding at life. Failure refers to momentary
muscular failure from a given exercise. An example, “on my last set of bench I
went to failure.”
·
Max:
The maximum weight amount in pounds a person can lift for one rep. An example, “I
maxed on squats at 415lb.”
·
Rep:
One repetition in a set. Usually performed in a rigorous motion repetitively
for a given number. An example, “I did 12 reps on the bench press.”
·
‘Mirin:
A term short for admiring, as in you get caught looking at the hot girl/guy in
the gym you are ‘mirin them. It does not have to be restricted to sexual
attraction. Someone can be ‘mirin based on the type or intensity of a workout,
the new Nike shoes they have, or how many rep they did on their last set.
·
Newb:
Similar to the newb tern used in gaming, it means someone who is new to fitness
and weightlifting. An example, “I wish this newb would get off the smith
machine.”
·
Spot:
Having someone support your body on a heavy exercise ensuring safety for the
person undergoing the said exercise. An example, “He asked me for a spot on the
bench press.”
·
Plateau:
Not the giant mountain-like step in the middle of nowhere, but a term used to
describe when someone has reached a stagnate point in an exercise or training
in general. It can be in terms of weight, reps, bodyweight, or body fat
percentage. An example, “I have plateaued on my deadlifts at 315 lbs. for 5
reps.” Depicts a slowing down or stopping point.
The
focal language used in the world of bodybuilding is useful to the average
bodybuilder mainly because it enables fellow bodybuilders to converse with one
another more openly and relate to one another while picking up useful bits of
information and training techniques. Basically, it helps to depict the average gym goer from the hardcore lifter. The terms
listed mainly enable bodybuilders alike to become better at what they do and
succeed at all areas. Whether it is for competition, gym bragging rights, or to
just fit in with the fit crowd, it starts with the lingo.
Non-bodybuilders
may feel like some of the terms used are a simpleton slang that mimics the
grunts and groans of cavemen. For whatever reason, bodybuilders fall into a
stereotype that depicts them as huge, simple-minded people that are generally
very unintelligent. Majority of the gym jargon listed above are one-syllable
words, hence maybe why when the average person looks at them like they are some
sort of prehistoric caveman babbling about nothing.
In
conclusion, builders tend to be misunderstood by an outsider to the culture.
When someone wants to get in great shape and seek out the help of someone
within the bodybuilding community, a lot of the time they will not understand
why they do the things they do. There must be an easier, less time consuming
way to get into perfect shape. As any fellow bodybuilder will tell you,
“Bodybuilding is not a quick fix, it’s a lifestyle.”
Bibliography
Arnold
Sports Festival. (n.d.). Expo. (Classic Productions) Retrieved June
4th, 2014, from Arnold Sports
Festival: http://arnoldsportsfestival.com/expo/
Gezon and Kottak (2nd
Ed.) 2014. Culture. McGraw Hill.
Joe weider's Olympia Fitness
Performance Weekend. (n.d.). MR Olympia. (J. W. Olympia, Producer) Retrieved June 4th, 2014,
from mrolympia.com: http://mrolympia.com/2014/history/index
Lapray, D. (2013, March). Lifting
Lingo Made Easy. (BodyBuilding.com, LLC) Retrieved
June 4th, 2014, from BodybBuilding.com: http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/lifting-lingo-made-easy-learn-the-words-lift-the-life.html
Focal Language of Video Gamers
By: Chelsey Smith
By: Chelsey Smith
Focal
language is a set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to
certain groups (Gezon and Kottak, 2014). One particular group that utilizes
focal language is gamers. A gamer is an individual who frequently plays video
games. Gamers have developed their own Internet-based subculture and thus their
own vocabulary to go with it (Gezon and Kottak, 2014). Through this vocabulary
they have given each other somewhere to belong.
The focal vocabulary of gamers is
vast but here are ten of the most commonly used terms and their definitions:
●
Pwned - Derives from a misspelling
of the word “owned.” When a player says “I pwned you,” it means that they have
beaten you badly.
●
Kill Streak - To be on a kill streak
is to kill many opponents in a row before being killed yourself.
●
Camper - A player that hides out in
one place, waiting for a chance to kill someone unsuspectingly.
●
Noob - Someone who is either
inexperienced or just not very good at gaming.
●
Hacker - Someone that hacks a
console or game to gain an unfair advantage.
●
Easter Egg - Hidden content in a
game.
●
Frag - To kill someone with a bomb.
●
Handle - The name a gamer uses in a forum or
online match.
●
Lag - A slow down during a online
match due to bad servers or bad connection
●
Walkthrough - A game guide that
gives you all you need to know about a game and how to play it
(Gezon
and Kottak, 2014; Community.us.playstation.com,
2008).
I
believe the importance behind gamers having focal language is a sense of
community. Gamers are typically proud of whom they are and gaming is a big part
of their world. Gamers from all over the world can connect with each other
through this vocabulary that is unique to their world of gaming. It gives the
gamers that know these words and term a sense of belonging and acceptance.
One
purpose behind gamers having focal language is the need for concentration while
in the middle of an ongoing game. For example, if a player were to instead say
the entire definition of one of these terms, that player might then become
distracted and end up giving a point to the other team by being killed. Instead
the gamers have come up with shorter phrases and acronyms so that they can
quickly give an order to teammates or warn them without losing concentration.
Another purpose is needing a name for unique actions that do not typically
happen outside of a video game. For example, the term “camper” refers to a
player that is hiding out and waiting for another player to pass by so that
they can kill them without being spotted first. This is not necessarily
something that happens in everyday life so there is no existing term for such
an action.
An
outsider definitely would be confused by much of the gamer vocabulary. As the
sister of an avid gamer I now know some of the most popular terms, but the
first few times that I decided to join in I was a little lost whenever hearing
the other players talk to each other. Video games are not my forte so I very
quickly was dubbed as a “noob,” which I later discovered is a rather derogatory
term for an inexperienced or bad player. Admitting to not knowing any of the
terms listed above would almost certainly get you labeled as a “noob” also.
Being able to comprehend and reciprocate the vocabulary of the gamers would
identify you as a group member. Having this “special language” is a way of
reinforcing that group membership.
Gamers
tend to frequently be made fun of, but the way that they have come up with
their own way of communicating with each other is pretty special. Having a
place where you can freely be yourself and know that you will be accepted for
who you are is not something to take for granted. Bullying is never acceptable
and I hope that through the connections made through online gaming and the use
of focal language, the gamers have found a place to belong and realize that it is
always okay to be who you are.
Bibliography
Community.us.playstation.com, (2008). Gaming
Slang and Sayings [Over 100 Words!] - PlayStation® Forums. [online]
Available at: http://community.us.playstation.com/t5/PlayStation-Lounge/Gaming-Slang-and-Sayings-Over-100-Words/td-p/10022149
[Accessed 12 Jun. 2014].
Gezon, L. and Kottak, C. (2014). Culture. 2nd
ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, p.66.
15 comments:
Knowing a certain focal language could also be beneficial for you in your work environment. I work at a bar/restaurant and although I am not old enough to serve alcohol yet, the servers that do have to attend classes. The classes teach them what best words to describe our selection of alcohol and the process we go through to make our beers (we brew our own) in order to sell more. We also must pass menu tests in which we are asked how some of the items are cooked. Some of these words I had never heard of but describe the specific way we cook them.
-Laura Redl
Before Anth 101 I did not know what focal language was, and now I realize how important it is in our daily lives. Just like gamers rely vastly on focal language, I also rely on it as a hairstylist.
I loved James' paper on the focal language of bodybuilders. I'm a licensed wellness coach and I work with people on nutrition on a daily basis. I've always found bodybuilding intriguing and it was a very cool read :)
I am a huge gamer and I had no idea that gamers even had a focal language until after I read this for an ANTH 101 assignment. I can proudly say I know all of the terms listed in the reading and not being labeled as a "noob".
I would have never guessed that you were a gamer. Just goes to show that one cannot ever really guess what someone is actually like, which further demonstrates the falsehoods of stereotypes. What type of gamer are you, if you don't mind me asking?
The "focal language" of gamers was an interesting read for me, I was laughing the whole time. All the terms that were given were true and there are so many more especially ones specific towards one game. There constantly being made by the gaming community and all it takes is a little knowledge of the video game to comprehend what is happening in the conversation. The gaming community humor is a weird one but if your apart of it, you just can't help but nerd out.
It doesn't matter where we are we always have focal language no matter what it involves. There are words that you didn't even think they existed especially for those video gamers out there.
Briana Banuelos
Antho 102 1001
Even with a bunch of family members in the brewing business, I learned new terms such as "IBU" or "international bitterness units". I've heard all the weight lifting terms from high school football and college but what 21 year-old male hasn't? It is insane how many Mario's Brett Martin has. He has definitely accomplished his life dream.
Thanks for the information!
Zachary Forrester
anthro 101 3001 summer
I think nearly everyone has some type of group in which they share a focal language with, glad to know the word for this type of speech.
Jordan R
I remember doing this assignment in anth 101! These examples are really informative and display great examples of focal vocabulary. I work at a gym so a lot of those references are true and I got a good laugh out of them. My assignment was based on modern slang use.
I would have to say Focal Language is probably my favorite thing we learned in class. There's sooo many different types to learn from cultures, gamers, sports and more.
Aaliyah Caldwell
I love reading the article of Focal Language of Bodybuilding I would also put myself into a Focal Language of Jocks, Athletics, or Law Enforcement. All these topics are great to study to some individuals.
I never knew of focal language but i enjoyed reading this blog about it, i think different kind of groups or sports anything with a group have their own focal language,
- Lavonza Marshall
I found this post really interesting and cool. I never knew that frag meant to kill someone with a bomb in the gaming world. I feel like i have a bit more understanding of how my daughter speaks about terms such as "noob" now when she calls me one. Thank you.
This post demonstrates how homebrewers may develop a feeling of community and engagement through targeted language use. Brewers may communicate more effectively and share information about their craft by employing technical phrases like "decoction," "ester," and "grist." This strengthens the brewers' feeling of community by fostering collaboration and the development of a common identity. Showing the ways that targeted language helps the home brewing community to forge unique cultural identities. Brewers differentiate themselves from other groups and create a sense of identity and belonging using their own vocabulary of phrases and idioms. This displays how language acts as a symbol of cultural identity and strengthens ties within the group.
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